Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of breast feeding and factors influencing the feeding practices in a study population in Thi qar governorate.
Design: Cross – sectional study.
Methods: in three hospitals in Thi qar governorate , the mother of infants in the primary health care units of these hospitals , had been randomly selected and interviewed with a questionnaire which included information about the age , sex and mode of feeding for the infants , and the sociodemographic status of the mothers. The sociodemographic variables included , urban / rural residence, educational level , occupation or employment , family income , place and type of delivery and contraceptive use .
Results: the prevalence of breast feeding was 90% , and bottle feeding prevalence was 10 % the mean time of weaning was 11 months .Factor that were significantly associated with duration of breast feeding were maternal age , level of education , area of residence , occupation , family income , place and type of delivery and contraceptive use . The most common reasons for refusing to breast feed were in adequate secreted and the mother employment outside the home .
Conclusions: the prevalence of women nursing breast feeding was higher than the estimated national data the prevalence of the bottle – feeding was higher in women who needed to work out of their homes and in those with higher educational level
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References
- Willim W. JR, Myron JI , Judith MS , Robin RD. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Pediatrics . 18 th edition . Mc Grw Hill , 297-300.
- Robert MK, Karen JM , Hell BJ , Richard EB . Nelson Essential of pediatrics , 5th edition , Elsevier Saunders , section VI , 131-134, 2006
- Behrman RE, Kleigman RM, Jenson HB. , Nelson Textbook of pediatrics . 17th edition Philadelphia , WB Saunders ,150-155 .2004 .
- American Acadimy of Pediatric Committee on Nutrition : Pediatrics Nutrition Handbook . 6 thed Elk Grove Village IL, American Academy of Pediatric , 2004.
- Wathliquist ML , Food and Nutrition in Australia , 3rd ed , metheem Australia , Melbourne ,2000.
- Nutritional Status Survey of infants of Iraq. MOH /UNICEF, 1998.
- Amine . Infant feeding patterns and weaning practices J . Royal Soc. Health . 109: 178-180, 1999.
- Gartner IM etal : Breast feeding and the use of human milk. pediatrics , 2005 , 115. 496 (PMID:1568743).
- Dann MH: The laction consult problem solving , Teaching and support for the breast feeding family . J ped Health care 2005 , vol. 9(1) : 12 (PMIDI: 15662357)
- Dewing KG Nutrition , growth , and complementary feeding of the breast fed infant Ped . Clin . North . Am . 48:87-104. 2001
- Ryan AS etal : Breast feeding continues to increase into new millennium . Pediatrics 2002 , 110 (6) : 110(PMID :12456909)
- Jelliffe EP. Introducing breast feeding into modern health services J Trop pediat Env Chld Hlth 1999;21:280-283 .
- Mata L . Breast feeding; Main promotor of infant health. AmJ Clin Nutr 2000; 31: 2058 – 2065 .
- Jelliffe DB , Jelliffe EP . Recent trend of breast feeding. Ann Rev Public Health 1991; 2: 145-146 .
- Hofrander Y, Petro Barvazian A . WHO collaborative study of breast feeding , Acta pediatric Scand 2002;5: 556-578 .
- American Academy of pediatrics . Committee of nutrition. Encouroging breast feeding. Pediatric 1999; 65 : 657-658 .
- Motzan F. International Review . Trend in infant feeding In developing Countries. Pediatrics 1994 (Suppli ) 4: 658-666v
- Kim JO . Factor analysis In: Nie NH , Hull CH, Jenkins JG steinbrinner K, Bent DH eds , Statistical package for the social sciences , New York , Mc Graw – Hill , 1985:1-126
- Nogra ,SA. Vantation in infant feeding practices in Pakistan with socioeconomic stratification . J.Trop. Ped. 1999, 33,103-106.
- Serdula ,MK .etal . Seasonal differences in breast feeding . rural Egypt .J.Am .Clin. Nutr. 2000.
- Helsing E.and Savage KF . Breast feeding in practies Oxford University .Press .1998.
- Breast - feeding patterns , WHO .Technical Pubications .East Mediterranean seen 7, 1999.
- Jelliffe DB. Epidemiology of under nutrition in Nutrition in the community .DS Molaren chapter 8 , 87-99 .2001.
- John Bonltan Nutrition in : Practical paeditrics .Robinson MJ .Churchill Livingston , 90-94, 2000.
- Mc Cann MF , Liskin LS , Piotrow PT , et al . Breast feeding , fertility and Family planning . Pop Rep J 1998 ;9:525-572 .
- Toddywalla VS , Joshi L, Virka KD . Effect of contraceptive steroids on human lactation . Am J obs , Gunec , 1997 ; 127 : 245 – 249 .
- Chopra JG . Effect of steroid contraceptives on lactation Am J Clin Nut 1992 ;25 : 1202 –1214 .
- Nilssons , Nygren KG .Transfer of contraceptive steroids to human milk . Res Reproduction 2001; 11: 1-2-
References
Willim W. JR, Myron JI , Judith MS , Robin RD. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Pediatrics . 18 th edition . Mc Grw Hill , 297-300.
Robert MK, Karen JM , Hell BJ , Richard EB . Nelson Essential of pediatrics , 5th edition , Elsevier Saunders , section VI , 131-134, 2006
Behrman RE, Kleigman RM, Jenson HB. , Nelson Textbook of pediatrics . 17th edition Philadelphia , WB Saunders ,150-155 .2004 .
American Acadimy of Pediatric Committee on Nutrition : Pediatrics Nutrition Handbook . 6 thed Elk Grove Village IL, American Academy of Pediatric , 2004.
Wathliquist ML , Food and Nutrition in Australia , 3rd ed , metheem Australia , Melbourne ,2000.
Nutritional Status Survey of infants of Iraq. MOH /UNICEF, 1998.
Amine . Infant feeding patterns and weaning practices J . Royal Soc. Health . 109: 178-180, 1999.
Gartner IM etal : Breast feeding and the use of human milk. pediatrics , 2005 , 115. 496 (PMID:1568743).
Dann MH: The laction consult problem solving , Teaching and support for the breast feeding family . J ped Health care 2005 , vol. 9(1) : 12 (PMIDI: 15662357)
Dewing KG Nutrition , growth , and complementary feeding of the breast fed infant Ped . Clin . North . Am . 48:87-104. 2001
Ryan AS etal : Breast feeding continues to increase into new millennium . Pediatrics 2002 , 110 (6) : 110(PMID :12456909)
Jelliffe EP. Introducing breast feeding into modern health services J Trop pediat Env Chld Hlth 1999;21:280-283 .
Mata L . Breast feeding; Main promotor of infant health. AmJ Clin Nutr 2000; 31: 2058 – 2065 .
Jelliffe DB , Jelliffe EP . Recent trend of breast feeding. Ann Rev Public Health 1991; 2: 145-146 .
Hofrander Y, Petro Barvazian A . WHO collaborative study of breast feeding , Acta pediatric Scand 2002;5: 556-578 .
American Academy of pediatrics . Committee of nutrition. Encouroging breast feeding. Pediatric 1999; 65 : 657-658 .
Motzan F. International Review . Trend in infant feeding In developing Countries. Pediatrics 1994 (Suppli ) 4: 658-666v
Kim JO . Factor analysis In: Nie NH , Hull CH, Jenkins JG steinbrinner K, Bent DH eds , Statistical package for the social sciences , New York , Mc Graw – Hill , 1985:1-126
Nogra ,SA. Vantation in infant feeding practices in Pakistan with socioeconomic stratification . J.Trop. Ped. 1999, 33,103-106.
Serdula ,MK .etal . Seasonal differences in breast feeding . rural Egypt .J.Am .Clin. Nutr. 2000.
Helsing E.and Savage KF . Breast feeding in practies Oxford University .Press .1998.
Breast - feeding patterns , WHO .Technical Pubications .East Mediterranean seen 7, 1999.
Jelliffe DB. Epidemiology of under nutrition in Nutrition in the community .DS Molaren chapter 8 , 87-99 .2001.
John Bonltan Nutrition in : Practical paeditrics .Robinson MJ .Churchill Livingston , 90-94, 2000.
Mc Cann MF , Liskin LS , Piotrow PT , et al . Breast feeding , fertility and Family planning . Pop Rep J 1998 ;9:525-572 .
Toddywalla VS , Joshi L, Virka KD . Effect of contraceptive steroids on human lactation . Am J obs , Gunec , 1997 ; 127 : 245 – 249 .
Chopra JG . Effect of steroid contraceptives on lactation Am J Clin Nut 1992 ;25 : 1202 –1214 .
Nilssons , Nygren KG .Transfer of contraceptive steroids to human milk . Res Reproduction 2001; 11: 1-2-