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Abstract
Results: 187 patients were involved in this study. 79(42%) were male and 108(58%) were female, there age was 3(1%) were less than 15 years, 74(40%) were in between 15-45 years and 110(59%) were more than 45years, HbA1c was divided into three groups the first one was less than 6 20(11%), 7-8 was 26(14%) and more than 8 was 141(75%). Strong relation ship between level of HbA1c and HDL (p=0.001), VLDL (p=0.027), s.cholestrol (p=0.004), s.triglyceride (p=0.05) and LDL (p=0.029).
Conclusion: strong correlation was found between HbA1c and all component of lipid profile in patients with DM, there fore HbA1c is a good predictor for hyperlipidaemia in DM
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References
- - Kiyoshi Shibata et al. Diagnostic accuracy of glycohaemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for postprandial hyperglycemia was equivalent to that of fasting blood glucose Journal of Clinical Epidemiology Volume 58, Issue 10 , Pages 1052-1057, October 2005.
- - Elizabeth Selvin et al. Glycated haemoglobin, Diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults. NEJMVolume 362:800-811. March 4, 2010 Number 9.
- - David B. Sacks. Hemoglobin Variants and Hemoglobin A1c Analysis: Problem Solved?. Clinical Chemistry. 2003;49:1245-1247.
- - T Lahousen, R E Roller, Silent haemoglobin variants and determination of HbA1c with the HPLC Bio-Rad Variant II. J Clin Pathol. 2002 September; 55(9): 699–703.
- - Schnedl WJ, Liebminger A, Roller RE, Lipp RW, Krejs GJ. Hemoglobin variants and determination of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2001;17:94-98
- - Nakanishi T, Iguchi K, Shimizu H. A method for hemoglobin A1c measurement based on peptide analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with deuterium-labeled synthetic peptides as internal standards. Clin Chem 2003;49:829-831.
- - Bry L, Chen PC, Sacks DB. Effects of hemoglobin variants and chemically modified derivatives on assays for glycohemoglobin [Review]. Clin Chem 2001;47:153-163.
- - Little RR, Wiedmeyer HM, England JD, Wilke AL, Rohlfing CL, Wians FH, Jr, et al. Interlaboratory standardization of measurements of glycohemoglobins. Clin Chem 1992;38:2472-2478.
- - Christopher D. Saudek, et al. Assessing Glycemia in Diabetes Using Self-monitoring Blood Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c. JAMA. 2006;295(14):1688-1697.
- - Philip Barter, e. al. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular Events . NEJM Volume 357:Number 13.September 27. 1301-1310. 2007.
- - Al Muhtaseb N et al. Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in insulin-dependent and young non-insulin-dependent Arab women. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University.Acta Diabetologica Latina. 28(1):61-9. 1991.
- - Futterman LG, Lemberg L artery disease do not have any of the conventional risk factors. Fifty percent of patients with coronary. Am J Crit Care. 1998 May;7(3):240-4
- - Castelli WP. Framingham Cardiovascular Institute, Atherosclerosis. 1996 Jul;124 Suppl:S1-9.
- - Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas, Sheila Bingham Robert et al. Association of Hemoglobin A1c with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Adults : The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfol. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2004, Vol 141, no 6, 413-420 .
- - Lydie N. Pani et. Al. Effect of aging on HbA1c level in individuals without Diabetes:Evidence from the Framingham Offspring study and the NHANES 2001-2004. Diabetes Care 31:1991-1996, 2008.
- Haseeb Ahmad Khan. Clinical significance of HbA1c as a marker of circulating lipids
- - in male and female type 2 diabetic patients. 23 November 2006 .
- - Betteridge DJ. Lipid disorders in diabetes an Mmellitus. In: Pickup J, Willams G. eds. Diabetes, 2nd ed, Blackwell Science, Victoria, 1997; 2: 1-31.
- - Murat Sert, Gokhan Morgul, Bekir Tamer. Diabetic dyslipidemia is a well-known issue, but what about lipoprotein a levels in Type 2 diabetics?. Vol.18 No.2 August 2010.
- - Onat A, Surdum A, Senocak M, ضrnek E, Gِzükara Y. Plasma lipids and their interrelationship in Turkish adults. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1992; 46: 470-476.
- - Mengesha AY. Lipid profile among diabetes patients in Gaborone Botswana. S Afr Med J 2006; 96: 147-148.
- - Lawrence JM, Bennett P, Young A, Robinson AM. Primary care screening for diabetes in general practice: cross sectional population study. BMJ 2001; 323: 548-551.
- - Seyoum B, Abdulkadir J, Berhanu P, Feleke Y, Mengistu Z, Worku Y, Ayana G. Analysis of serum lipids and lipoproteins in Ethiopian diabetic patients. Ethiop Med J 2003; 41: 1–8.
- - 23. Saaddine JB, Engelgau MM, Beckles GL, Gregg EW, Thompson TJ,Narayan KM. A diabetes report card for the United States: quality of care in the 1990s. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 565
- - Onat A, Surdum A, Senocak M, ضrnek E, Gِzükara Y. Plasma lipids and their interrelationship in Turkish adults. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1992; 46: 470-476.
- - Dunn Fredrick L. Hyperlipidemia and Diabetes. Med Clin North Am 1982; 77: 1347-1360.
- - Howard BV, Reitman JS, Vasquez B, Zech L. Very low density Lipoprotein Triglyceride Metabolism in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes 1983; 32: 271-276.
- - Reaven GM, Greenfield MS. Diabetic hypertriglyceridemia: Evidence for three clinical syndromes. Diabetes 1981; 30: 66-75.
- - Lewis GF, Uffelman KD, Szeto LW, Steiner G. Effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on VLDL, triglyceride and VLDL apo B production in normal weight and obese individuals. Diabetes 1993; 42: 833-842.
- - Durington P. Is insülin atherogenic? Diabetic Med 1992; 9: 597-600
- - Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol (ATP III). JAMA 2001; 285: 2486-2497.
- - Agrawal RP, Sharma P, Pal M, Kochar A, Kochar DK. Magnitude of dyslipedemia and its association with micro and macro vascular complications in type 2 diabetes: a hospital based study from Bikaner (Northwest India). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006; 73: 211–214.
- - Imperatore G, Rivellese A, Galasso R, Celentano E, İovine C, Ferrara A, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O. Lipoprotein (a) concentrations in NIDDM and borderline hyperglycemia. Metabolism 1995; 44: 1293 -1297.
References
- Kiyoshi Shibata et al. Diagnostic accuracy of glycohaemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for postprandial hyperglycemia was equivalent to that of fasting blood glucose Journal of Clinical Epidemiology Volume 58, Issue 10 , Pages 1052-1057, October 2005.
- Elizabeth Selvin et al. Glycated haemoglobin, Diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults. NEJMVolume 362:800-811. March 4, 2010 Number 9.
- David B. Sacks. Hemoglobin Variants and Hemoglobin A1c Analysis: Problem Solved?. Clinical Chemistry. 2003;49:1245-1247.
- T Lahousen, R E Roller, Silent haemoglobin variants and determination of HbA1c with the HPLC Bio-Rad Variant II. J Clin Pathol. 2002 September; 55(9): 699–703.
- Schnedl WJ, Liebminger A, Roller RE, Lipp RW, Krejs GJ. Hemoglobin variants and determination of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2001;17:94-98
- Nakanishi T, Iguchi K, Shimizu H. A method for hemoglobin A1c measurement based on peptide analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with deuterium-labeled synthetic peptides as internal standards. Clin Chem 2003;49:829-831.
- Bry L, Chen PC, Sacks DB. Effects of hemoglobin variants and chemically modified derivatives on assays for glycohemoglobin [Review]. Clin Chem 2001;47:153-163.
- Little RR, Wiedmeyer HM, England JD, Wilke AL, Rohlfing CL, Wians FH, Jr, et al. Interlaboratory standardization of measurements of glycohemoglobins. Clin Chem 1992;38:2472-2478.
- Christopher D. Saudek, et al. Assessing Glycemia in Diabetes Using Self-monitoring Blood Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c. JAMA. 2006;295(14):1688-1697.
- Philip Barter, e. al. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular Events . NEJM Volume 357:Number 13.September 27. 1301-1310. 2007.
- Al Muhtaseb N et al. Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in insulin-dependent and young non-insulin-dependent Arab women. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University.Acta Diabetologica Latina. 28(1):61-9. 1991.
- Futterman LG, Lemberg L artery disease do not have any of the conventional risk factors. Fifty percent of patients with coronary. Am J Crit Care. 1998 May;7(3):240-4
- Castelli WP. Framingham Cardiovascular Institute, Atherosclerosis. 1996 Jul;124 Suppl:S1-9.
- Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas, Sheila Bingham Robert et al. Association of Hemoglobin A1c with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Adults : The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfol. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2004, Vol 141, no 6, 413-420 .
- Lydie N. Pani et. Al. Effect of aging on HbA1c level in individuals without Diabetes:Evidence from the Framingham Offspring study and the NHANES 2001-2004. Diabetes Care 31:1991-1996, 2008.
Haseeb Ahmad Khan. Clinical significance of HbA1c as a marker of circulating lipids
- in male and female type 2 diabetic patients. 23 November 2006 .
- Betteridge DJ. Lipid disorders in diabetes an Mmellitus. In: Pickup J, Willams G. eds. Diabetes, 2nd ed, Blackwell Science, Victoria, 1997; 2: 1-31.
- Murat Sert, Gokhan Morgul, Bekir Tamer. Diabetic dyslipidemia is a well-known issue, but what about lipoprotein a levels in Type 2 diabetics?. Vol.18 No.2 August 2010.
- Onat A, Surdum A, Senocak M, ضrnek E, Gِzükara Y. Plasma lipids and their interrelationship in Turkish adults. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1992; 46: 470-476.
- Mengesha AY. Lipid profile among diabetes patients in Gaborone Botswana. S Afr Med J 2006; 96: 147-148.
- Lawrence JM, Bennett P, Young A, Robinson AM. Primary care screening for diabetes in general practice: cross sectional population study. BMJ 2001; 323: 548-551.
- Seyoum B, Abdulkadir J, Berhanu P, Feleke Y, Mengistu Z, Worku Y, Ayana G. Analysis of serum lipids and lipoproteins in Ethiopian diabetic patients. Ethiop Med J 2003; 41: 1–8.
- 23. Saaddine JB, Engelgau MM, Beckles GL, Gregg EW, Thompson TJ,Narayan KM. A diabetes report card for the United States: quality of care in the 1990s. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 565
- Onat A, Surdum A, Senocak M, ضrnek E, Gِzükara Y. Plasma lipids and their interrelationship in Turkish adults. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1992; 46: 470-476.
- Dunn Fredrick L. Hyperlipidemia and Diabetes. Med Clin North Am 1982; 77: 1347-1360.
- Howard BV, Reitman JS, Vasquez B, Zech L. Very low density Lipoprotein Triglyceride Metabolism in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes 1983; 32: 271-276.
- Reaven GM, Greenfield MS. Diabetic hypertriglyceridemia: Evidence for three clinical syndromes. Diabetes 1981; 30: 66-75.
- Lewis GF, Uffelman KD, Szeto LW, Steiner G. Effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on VLDL, triglyceride and VLDL apo B production in normal weight and obese individuals. Diabetes 1993; 42: 833-842.
- Durington P. Is insülin atherogenic? Diabetic Med 1992; 9: 597-600
- Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol (ATP III). JAMA 2001; 285: 2486-2497.
- Agrawal RP, Sharma P, Pal M, Kochar A, Kochar DK. Magnitude of dyslipedemia and its association with micro and macro vascular complications in type 2 diabetes: a hospital based study from Bikaner (Northwest India). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006; 73: 211–214.
- Imperatore G, Rivellese A, Galasso R, Celentano E, İovine C, Ferrara A, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O. Lipoprotein (a) concentrations in NIDDM and borderline hyperglycemia. Metabolism 1995; 44: 1293 -1297.
