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References
- - Petrin , D. ; Delgaty , K. ; Bhatt , R. and Garber , G. (1998). Clinical and microbiological aspect of Trichomonas vaginalis . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , 11: 300 – 317.
- - Wolner – Hanssen , P. ; Krieger, J.N. ; Stevens, C.E. ; Kiviat, N.B. ; Koutsky, L. ; Derouen, T. ; Hiller, S. and Holmes, K.K. (1989). Clinical manifestation of vaginal Trichomoniasis . JAMA., 261 : 571 – 576.
- - Stone, K.M. ; Grimes, D.A. and Magder, L.S. (1986). Primary prevention of sexually transmitted disease . J. Am. Med. Assoc . , 255 : 1763 –1766.
- - Schneider , H. ; Coetzee , N. and Fehler , H.G. (1998). Screening for sexually transmitted diseases in ruler South African women . Sex. Trans. Infect. , 74 : 147 – 152.
- - Sehgal , VN. (1987). Venereal disease . , 2nd ed., Japee Brothers , New Delhi , 124 – 125.
- - Schwebke , J.R. and Burgess , D. (2004). Trichomoniasis . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , 17: 794 – 803.
- - Sena , A.C. ; Miller , W.C. ; Hobbs , M.M. ; Schwebke , J.R. ; Leone , P.A. ; Swygard , H. ; Atashili , J. and Cohen , M.S. (2007). Trichomonas vaginalis infection in male sexual partners : Implication for diagnosis , treatment and prevention . Clin. Infect. Dis. , 44 : 13 – 22.
- - Thomason , J.L. ; Gelbart , S.M. and Sobun , J.F. (1988) . Comparsion of four methods to detect Trichomonas vaginalis . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 26 : 1869 – 1870
- .
- - Yazar , S. ; Dagci , H. ; Aksoy , U. ; Ustun , S. ; Akisu , C. ; Mucide , AK. and Daldal , N. (2002). Frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis among women having vaginal discharge in Izmir , Turkey . Inonu. Univ. Tip. Fakut. Derg. , 9: 159 – 161.
- - Madico , G. ; Quinn , T.C. ; Rompalo , A. ; Mckee , K.T. and Gaydos , C.A. (1998) . Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis using vaginal swab sample . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 36: 3205 – 3210.
- - Beaver , P. C. ; Jung , R.C. and Cupp , E.W. (1984) . Clinical parasitology . 9th ed. Lea and Febiger , Philadelphia : 825 pp.
- - Sambrook , J. ; Fritsh , E.F. and Maniatis , T. (1989). Molecular cloning , alaboratory manual . 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor laboratory press.USA.
- - Lawing , L.F. ; Hodges , S.R. and Schwebke , J.R. (2000). Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal and urine specimens from women by culture and PCR . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 38: 3585 – 3588.
- - Al-Ani ,S.F.I.H.; AI-Hadithi, I.A.W. and Al-Hadithi, R.J.K. (2001). Factors affecting vaginal trichomoniasis among women in Ramadi. J. Basrah. Res., 27 : 24- 35.
- -Gani , Z.H. (2000). Urogenital trichomoniasis among women in Basrah . M. Sc. Thesis , coll. Med. Univ. Basrah , 91 pp.
- -Kengne , P. ; Veas , F. ; Vidal , N. ; Rey , J. and Cuny , G. (1994). Trichomonas vaginalis : repeated DNA target for highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction diagnosis . Cell. Mol. Biol. , 40 : 819 – 823.
- - Wilson , S.M. (1991) . Techniques : Nucleic acid techniques and the detection of parasitic disease . Parasitol. Today. , 7: 255.
- - Riley , D.E. ; Roberts , M.C. ; Takayama , T. and Krieger , J.N. (1992). Development of a polymerase chain reaction – based diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 30: 465 – 472.
- - Garcia , L.S. and Ash , L.R. (1979). Diagnostic parasitology : clinical laboratory manual. 2nd ed. , the C.V. Mosby company , London : 174 pp.
- - Karyakarte , R. and Damle , A. (2003). Medical parasitology . Calcuta art studio , India : 288 pp.
- - Dettovitz, J.A. ; Kelly, P ; Feldman, J. ; Sierra, M.F. ; Clark, L. and Bromberg, J. ( 1994 ) . Sexually transmitted disease , sexual behavior , and cocaine use in inner – city women . Am. J. Epidemiol., 140 : 1125 – 1134 .
- - Jatau , E.D. ; Olonitola , O.S. and Olayinka , A.T. (2006) . Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women attending antenatal clinic in Zaira , Nigeria . Ann. Afri. Med. , 5: 178 – 181.
- - Madani , T.A. ( 2006) . Sexually transmitted infection in Saudi Arabia . BMC .Infect. Dis ., 6 : 218 – 225 .
- - Mahdi , N.K. ; Gani , Z.H. and Sharief , M. (2001). Risk factors for vaginal trichomoniasis among women in Basrah , Iraq. East. Med. Heal. J. , 7: 918 – 924.
- - Verteramo, R. ; Calzolari, E. ; Degener, A.M. ; Masciangelo, R. and Patella , A. ( 2008 ) . Trichomonas vaginalis infection : Risk indicators among women attending for routine gynecologic examination . J. Obstet. Gynecol. Res. , 34: 233 – 237.
- - Hillier , S.L. ; Willken, S.S. ; Krohn, M.A. ; Watts, D.H. ; Kiviat, N.B. and Eschenbach, D.A. ( 1993 ) . The relationship of amniotic fluid cytokines preterm delivery , amniotic fluid infection, histolytic chorioamnionitis and chorioamnion infection . Obestet. Gynaecol. , 81 : 941 – 948 .
- - Sharief , M. (1998). Genital infection among women using various contraceptive methods in Basrah , Iraq . East. Med. Heal. J. , 4: 487 – 492.
References
- Petrin , D. ; Delgaty , K. ; Bhatt , R. and Garber , G. (1998). Clinical and microbiological aspect of Trichomonas vaginalis . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , 11: 300 – 317.
- Wolner – Hanssen , P. ; Krieger, J.N. ; Stevens, C.E. ; Kiviat, N.B. ; Koutsky, L. ; Derouen, T. ; Hiller, S. and Holmes, K.K. (1989). Clinical manifestation of vaginal Trichomoniasis . JAMA., 261 : 571 – 576.
- Stone, K.M. ; Grimes, D.A. and Magder, L.S. (1986). Primary prevention of sexually transmitted disease . J. Am. Med. Assoc . , 255 : 1763 –1766.
- Schneider , H. ; Coetzee , N. and Fehler , H.G. (1998). Screening for sexually transmitted diseases in ruler South African women . Sex. Trans. Infect. , 74 : 147 – 152.
- Sehgal , VN. (1987). Venereal disease . , 2nd ed., Japee Brothers , New Delhi , 124 – 125.
- Schwebke , J.R. and Burgess , D. (2004). Trichomoniasis . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , 17: 794 – 803.
- Sena , A.C. ; Miller , W.C. ; Hobbs , M.M. ; Schwebke , J.R. ; Leone , P.A. ; Swygard , H. ; Atashili , J. and Cohen , M.S. (2007). Trichomonas vaginalis infection in male sexual partners : Implication for diagnosis , treatment and prevention . Clin. Infect. Dis. , 44 : 13 – 22.
- Thomason , J.L. ; Gelbart , S.M. and Sobun , J.F. (1988) . Comparsion of four methods to detect Trichomonas vaginalis . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 26 : 1869 – 1870
.
- Yazar , S. ; Dagci , H. ; Aksoy , U. ; Ustun , S. ; Akisu , C. ; Mucide , AK. and Daldal , N. (2002). Frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis among women having vaginal discharge in Izmir , Turkey . Inonu. Univ. Tip. Fakut. Derg. , 9: 159 – 161.
- Madico , G. ; Quinn , T.C. ; Rompalo , A. ; Mckee , K.T. and Gaydos , C.A. (1998) . Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis using vaginal swab sample . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 36: 3205 – 3210.
- Beaver , P. C. ; Jung , R.C. and Cupp , E.W. (1984) . Clinical parasitology . 9th ed. Lea and Febiger , Philadelphia : 825 pp.
- Sambrook , J. ; Fritsh , E.F. and Maniatis , T. (1989). Molecular cloning , alaboratory manual . 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor laboratory press.USA.
- Lawing , L.F. ; Hodges , S.R. and Schwebke , J.R. (2000). Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal and urine specimens from women by culture and PCR . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 38: 3585 – 3588.
- Al-Ani ,S.F.I.H.; AI-Hadithi, I.A.W. and Al-Hadithi, R.J.K. (2001). Factors affecting vaginal trichomoniasis among women in Ramadi. J. Basrah. Res., 27 : 24- 35.
-Gani , Z.H. (2000). Urogenital trichomoniasis among women in Basrah . M. Sc. Thesis , coll. Med. Univ. Basrah , 91 pp.
-Kengne , P. ; Veas , F. ; Vidal , N. ; Rey , J. and Cuny , G. (1994). Trichomonas vaginalis : repeated DNA target for highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction diagnosis . Cell. Mol. Biol. , 40 : 819 – 823.
- Wilson , S.M. (1991) . Techniques : Nucleic acid techniques and the detection of parasitic disease . Parasitol. Today. , 7: 255.
- Riley , D.E. ; Roberts , M.C. ; Takayama , T. and Krieger , J.N. (1992). Development of a polymerase chain reaction – based diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 30: 465 – 472.
- Garcia , L.S. and Ash , L.R. (1979). Diagnostic parasitology : clinical laboratory manual. 2nd ed. , the C.V. Mosby company , London : 174 pp.
- Karyakarte , R. and Damle , A. (2003). Medical parasitology . Calcuta art studio , India : 288 pp.
- Dettovitz, J.A. ; Kelly, P ; Feldman, J. ; Sierra, M.F. ; Clark, L. and Bromberg, J. ( 1994 ) . Sexually transmitted disease , sexual behavior , and cocaine use in inner – city women . Am. J. Epidemiol., 140 : 1125 – 1134 .
- Jatau , E.D. ; Olonitola , O.S. and Olayinka , A.T. (2006) . Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women attending antenatal clinic in Zaira , Nigeria . Ann. Afri. Med. , 5: 178 – 181.
- Madani , T.A. ( 2006) . Sexually transmitted infection in Saudi Arabia . BMC .Infect. Dis ., 6 : 218 – 225 .
- Mahdi , N.K. ; Gani , Z.H. and Sharief , M. (2001). Risk factors for vaginal trichomoniasis among women in Basrah , Iraq. East. Med. Heal. J. , 7: 918 – 924.
- Verteramo, R. ; Calzolari, E. ; Degener, A.M. ; Masciangelo, R. and Patella , A. ( 2008 ) . Trichomonas vaginalis infection : Risk indicators among women attending for routine gynecologic examination . J. Obstet. Gynecol. Res. , 34: 233 – 237.
- Hillier , S.L. ; Willken, S.S. ; Krohn, M.A. ; Watts, D.H. ; Kiviat, N.B. and Eschenbach, D.A. ( 1993 ) . The relationship of amniotic fluid cytokines preterm delivery , amniotic fluid infection, histolytic chorioamnionitis and chorioamnion infection . Obestet. Gynaecol. , 81 : 941 – 948 .
- Sharief , M. (1998). Genital infection among women using various contraceptive methods in Basrah , Iraq . East. Med. Heal. J. , 4: 487 – 492.
