Article Sidebar

Submitted
March 16, 2021
Accepted
March 16, 2021
Published
March 16, 2021
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 520 Download : 213

Main Article Content

Abstract

To  identify  the  cause   and  the  source   of  bacterial  infection  among  patients  of  intensive  care  unit and to identify the ability of bacteria to produce biomass this  study  had  been conducted  in Al-Imam Al-Hussein  hospital  in Thi-qar  province  for the  period  from 1st  September  to end  of  December  2011 .A total  of 320 swabs and  samples  were  collected from 17 different sites of  Intensive  Care  Unit environment  and  inoculated  on  a normal cultural media ,then incubated  at 37°C for 24 hour . The growth revealed different bacterial  colonies  which  had  been  tested  for  their  morphological  and biochemical  characteristics.  Sixty eight of pure isolates were obtained including 24 (35.29%)  Gram  positive  bacterial  isolates, 44(64.71%)  of Gram negative  bacterial isolates , the highest rates (19.11%)  of  bacterial contamination  had  been  found  on  the walls  and  the  floor . Sensitivity tests   for  all  isolates  were   done  using  25  types  of   commonly   used antibiotics  in Iraq , the results  revealed  that the genus  Enterobacter spp. had  a high resistance  as  a Gram negative  bacteria , and  Staphylococcus spp.  had  a high  resistance  as  a Gram  positive  bacteria  to most  of  the tested  antibiotics, The tendency of some isolates to develop a biomass as biofilm , an important virulence determinant related to infection , was investigated in vitro using microtiter plates . The highest optical density (O.D.= 0.634 n.m.) was recorded by the isolate from pressure material by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the least O.D. was recorded by medical instruments-use manual isolate (O.D. was 0.106 n.m.) by Pantoea spp . 
 

Article Details

References

  1. -Michael T. Madigan; John M. Martinko and Jack Parker (2000): Biology of microorganisms , 9th ed. South Illinois Univ. Carbondale, Prentice Hall, pp. 906.
  2. -Eugene W. Nester ; Denise G. Anderson ; Evans Roberts Jr. ; Nancy N. Pearsall and Martha T. Nester (2004) : Microbiology , A human perspective , 4th ed. McGraw Hill , pp.499 – 502 .
  3. -Deep A.; Childiyal R.; Kandian S. and Shinker N. ( 2004 ) : Clinical and microbiology profile of Nosocomial infection in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ( PICU ), Indian pediatrics , 41 : 1238 – 44 .
  4. -Dorchis F. ( 2005 ): Nosocomial infections and air filtration in operating suites – application of French Standard , NFS 90 – 351 .
  5. - Costerton, J.W.; Geesey, G.G.; Cheng, K.J. How bacteria stick. Sci. Am. 1978, 238, 86-95.
  6. - Donlan, R.M. Biofilms: Microbial life on surfaces. Emerging Infect. Dis. 2002, 8, 881-890.
  7. - Flemming, H.C.; Wingender, J. Relevance of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) – Part I: Structural and ecological aspects. Water Sci. Technol. 2001a, 43, 1-8.
  8. - Singh, R.; Paul, D.; Jain, R.K. Biofilms: implications in bioremediation. Trends Microbiol. 2006, 14, 389-397.
  9. - Ahimou, F.; Semmens, M.J.; Haugstad, G.; Novak, P.J. Effect of protein, polysaccharide, andoxygen concentration profiles on biofilm cohesiveness. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007, 73, 2905-2910.
  10. - Costerton, J.W.; Stewart, P.S.; Greenberg, E.P. Bacterial biofilms: A common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999, 284, 1318-1322.Costerton, W.; Veeh, R.; Shirtliff, M.; Pasmore, M.; Post, C.; Ehrlich, G. The application of
  11. - biofilm science to the study and control of chronic bacterial infections. J. Clin. Invest. 2003, 112, 1466-1477.
  12. -Retty A.F. ; Danil F.S. and Aice S.W. ( 2007 ) : Balley and Scott's of Diagnostic Microbiology , 12th ed. Press , Houston , Texas .
  13. -Steve K. Alexander and Dennis Strete (2001) : Microbiology A photo- Graphic Atlas for Laboratory , 1st ed. Inc. San Francisco .
  14. -Finegold S.M. and Martin W.J. ( 1982 ) : Diagnostic Microbiology , 6th ed. Mosby com.
  15. -Koneman E.W. ; Allen S.D. ; Jawa W.M. and Sachreckeber P.C. (1992): Color Atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology, 4th ed. J.B. Lippincott com. Philadephia .
  16. -Stocks E.J. and Ridgway G. ( 1987 ) : Handaling clinical speciments for microbiology studies , 5th ed. , Churchill Livingston , Edinburgh,173 – 201 .
  17. -Amee R. ; James R. Manges M.P.H. ; Timothy T. and Johnson A.D. ( 2001 ) : Widespread distribution of urinary tract infection caused by a multidrug resistance Escherichia coli clonal group. J. Medical Science , Vol. 345 No. 14 .
  18. -Muhammed S.A. ( 2002 ) : A bacteriological study on the incidence urinary tract infection in Rizgari Teaching Hospital in Erbil City , Msc. thesis , college of scince , Univ. of Salahaddin .
  19. -Delzell J.E. and Lefevre M.L. ( 2000 ): Urinary tract infection during pregnancy , Am. Academy of family physicians , 35( 3 ) : 40-66.
  20. -Levin M.H. ; Olson B. ; Nathan C. ; Kabins S.A. and Weinstein R.H. ( 1984 ): Pseudomonads in skin in an Intensive care unit relation to patients , J. Clin. Path. 73 : 424 – 27 .
  21. -Greenwood D. ; Slack R.; Peutherer J. and Barer M. ( 2007 ) : Medical Microbiology , 17th ed. , Churchill Livingstone Elsevier .
  22. -Pfeillf D.; Janes E. and Weideman B. ( 2000 ) : Role of Penicillin binding protein , the initiation of the ampc β- Lactamas Expression in Enterobacter cloacae , J. Antimicrob. Agent Chemother. 44 : ( 1 ) 169 – 72 .
  23. -Mims C.; Playfair J. ; Roitt I.; Wakelin D.; Williams R. and Anderson R.M.(1993): Medical Microbiology 1st ed. year book Euro Lim. Mosby com. USA .
  24. -Schweizer H.P. (2003) : Efflux as a mechanism of resistance to anti- Microbial in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related bacteria : Unanswered questions . J. Genetic and molecular research 2(1):48 – 62 .
  25. -Sahm F.D. ; Thornsberry C. ; Mayfield C.D. ; Jones E.M. and Karlo- wsky A.J. ( 2001 ) : Multidrug – resistant urinary tract iso lates of Escherichia coli , Prevalence and patient Demographics in the united state in 2000 , Antimicrobial agent and Chemotherapy , 45 : 1402 – 6.
  26. -Woodford N.; Ward E. and Kaufmann M.E. (2006): Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates producing CTX – M – 15 extended – spectrum β –lactamase (ESBL) In Health Protection Agency, U.K.
  27. -Brown S. and Amyes S. (2006): OXA β –lactamases in Acinetobacter The story so far, J. antimicrob. chemother. 57 (1): 1-3.
  28. -Laclero M.;Glupcynski Y. and Tulkens P. ( 1999 ) : Aminoglycosides Activity and resistance, J. Med. Microb. 43 (4): 727 – 37.
  29. -Levinson W. and Jawetz E. (2004): Medical Microbiology and Imm-unology examination and board review , 8th ed. Lange Medical books, McGraw – Hill , New York .
  30. -Korenevsky, A. A.; Vinogradov, E.; Gorby, Y. and Beveridge, T. J. (2002). Characterization of lipopolysaccharide and capsule of Shewanella spp. Appl. Environ. Microbial. 68(9): 4653-57.
  31. - Yasuda, H. (1996). Bacterial biofilm and infections disease. Trens. Glycossci. Glycotechnol. 8:409-17.
  32. -Thormann, K. M.; Saville, R. M.; Shukla, S., Pelletier, D. A. and Spormann, A. M. (2004). Initial phases of biofilm formation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 . J. Bacteriol.

Most read articles by the same author(s)