Evaluate the Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of ANA, CRP, and ESR In RA Patients

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease marked by systemic
inflammation and joint damage. CRP and ESR are commonly used to assess
disease activity, while ANA is frequently detected in autoimmune diseases,
though its role in RA remains debated. To assess the relationship of ANA, CRP,
and ESR with disease activity in RA patients and evaluate their diagnostic and
prognostic value. A case-control study was conducted at Marjan Teaching
Hospital and Al-Mahaweel General Hospital with 90 participants: 60 RA
patients (25 males, 35 females) and 30 healthy controls (15 males, 15 females),
aged 20–55. ANA and CRP were measured using ELISA, and ESR was
analyzed using standard methods. Statistical tests included Mann-Whitney U,
Spearman’s correlation, and ROC curve analysis. patients had significantly
elevated CRP and ESR levels compared to controls (p < 0.001). ANA was
positive in 35% of patients and was linked to more severe symptoms. CRP and
ESR showed a strong correlation (r = 0.79, p < 0.001), while ANA had a
moderate correlation with disease severity (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). CRP and ESR
had good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.905 and 0.832), while ANA was less
useful diagnostically.CRP and ESR are reliable indicators of inflammation and
disease activity in RA. While ANA is not a key diagnostic marker, it may
suggest more severe disease when present. These markers can aid in clinical
assessment and management.