Main Article Content
Abstract
Design: A cross sectional analytical design was used.
Patients: All women presented with breast mass at defined age, were included.
Results: The rate of malignancy increased with age; at ages >45 years about half of cases were malignant (47%), and constitute(57.4%) of the total malignancies, while the other ages categories of < 45 years, the proportion of malignancy among cases of the same categories about (16%), and constitute (25%), (17%) for ages interval (30-45), (<30) respectively On other hand FNA are 82% specific and 96% sensitive compared to definitive histopathologic results in the diagnosis of breast masses.
Conclusion
The findings of the current work suggested that age was a strongly correlated factor and about 57.5% of the malignancies were above 45.
FNA are 82% specific and 96% sensitive in relation to definitive histopathologic results.
Keywords
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References
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- - Karim, S. A. M.; Ghalib, H.H.A.; Mohammed, S.A. and Fattah H. R. F. (2015). The incidence, age at diagnosis of breast cancer in the Iraqi Kurdish population and comparison to some other countries of Middle-East and West Intern. International Journal of Surgery. 13: 71-75.
- American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2018. (https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions.html ).
- Majid, R.A.; Hassan, H.A.; Muhealdeen, D.A.; Mohammed, H.; and Hughson, D.(2017). Breast cancer in Iraq is associated with a unimodally distributed predominance of luminal type B over luminal type A surrogates from young to old age . BMC Women's Health. 17(1)27
- Alwan, N.A.S. (2016). Breast Cancer Among Iraqi Women: Preliminary Findings From a Regional Comparative Breast Cancer Research Project. J of Glob. Oncol. 2(5): 255-258.
- American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2018. (https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions.html ).
- Majid, R.A.; Hassan, H.A.; Muhealdeen, D.A.; Mohammed, H.; and Hughson, D.(2017). Breast cancer in Iraq is associated with a unimodally distributed predominance of luminal type B over luminal type A surrogates from young to old age . BMC Women's Health. 17(1)27
- Chlebowski R.T.; Rohan T.E.; Manson J.E.; Aragaki A.K.; Kaunitz A.; and Stefanick M.L.(2015). Breast cancer after use of estrogen plus progestin and estrogen alone: analyses of data from 2 Women’s Health Initiative randomized clinical trials. JAMA. Oncol. 1:296–305.
- John, T.; Schousboe, M.D.; Kerlikowske, K.; Loh, A.; and Steven, R. (2011). Personalizing Mammography by Breast Density and Other Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: Analysis of Health Benefits and Cost-Effectiveness. Ann Intern Med. 155(1):10-20.
- KLEIN, S.M.D.;(2005). Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses . Am Fam Physician j., 71(9):1731-1738.
- Berg, W.A.; Campassi, C.I; and Ioffe, O.B. (2003). Cystic lesions of the breast: sonographic-pathologic correlation. Radiology. 227:183–91.
- Bailey, H.; and Love, M. (2008). short practice of surgery. 25th ed., B Hodder Education, an Hachette UK company, P: 838.
- KLEIN, S.M.D.;(2005). Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses . Am Fam Physician j., 71(9):1731-1738.
- Habib, O.S.; Hameed, L.A.; Ajeel, N.A.; Al-Hawaz, M.H.; Al-Faddagh, Z.A.; Nasr, G.N.; Al-Sodani, A.H.; Khalaf, A.A.; Hasson, H.M.; Abdul-Samad, A.A.; (2016). Epidemiology of Breast Cancer among Females in Basrah. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev., 17: 191-195
- Alghamdi, I.G.; Hussaina, I.I.; Alghamdi, M.S.; and El-Sheemy, M. (2015). Early marriage is a potential risk factor for female breast cancer in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Research Communication . 3(7): -23.
- Alsanabani, J.A.; Gilan, W.; and Saadi, A.A.(2015). Incidence data for breast cancer among Yemeni female patients with palpable breast lumps. Asian. Pac. J. Cancer. Prev., 16:191-194.
- Al-Amri, F.A.; Saeedi, M.Y.; Al-Tahan , F.M. ; Ali, A.M.; Alomary ,Sh.A.; Arafa,M.; Ibrahim. A.K.; and Kassim, K.K.(2015). Breast cancer correlates in a cohort of breast screening program participants in Riyadh, KSA. Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute. 27: 77–82.
- Al Nemer, A. (2017). The pathological profile of Saudi females with palpable breast lumps : knowledge that guide practice. S.J.H.S. 6(2): 92-95.
- Willett, W.C.; Tamimi, R.M.; Hankinson, S.E.; Hazra, A.; Eliassen, A.H.; Colditz, G.A. (2014). Diseases of the Breast. Nongenetic factors in the causation of breast cancer. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; In: Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, Osborne CK. 211-267.
- Nelson, H.D.; Zakher, B.; Cantor,A.; Fu, R.; Griffin, J.; O'Meara, E.S.;et al. (2012). Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 156(9):635-648
- Guo1, J.; Huang, Y.; Yang, L.; Xie, Z.; Song, Sh.; Yin1, Y.; Kuang, L.; and Qin, W.(2015). Association between abortion and breast cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis based on prospective studies. Cancer Causes Control. 26(6): 811-819.
- Russo, J.; and Russo, I.H. (1987) Biological and molecular bases of mammary carcinogenesis. Lab Invest., 57:112–137.
- Beaber, E.F.; Buist, D.S.; Barlow, W.E.; Malone, K.E.; Reed, S.D.; and Li, Ch. (2014). Recent Oral Contraceptive Use by Formulation and Breast Cancer Risk among Women 20 to 49 Years of Age. CAN. Res., 74(15) 4078- 4089.
- Eliassen, A.H.; Coldit, G.A.; Rosner, B.; and Hankinson, S.E. (2006). Tubal sterilization in relation to breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 118(8):2026-2030.
- Majid, R.A.; Hazha A Mohammed, H.A.; Saeed, H.M.; Safar, B.M.; Rashid, R.M.; and Hughson, M.D (2009). Breast cancer in kurdish women of northern Iraq: incidence, clinical stage, and case control analysis of parity and family risk. BMC Women's Health. 9:33.
- Vendhan Gajalakshmi1,V.; Mathew, A.; Brennan, P.; Balakrishnan Rajan, B.; Kanimozhi1,V.C.; Mathews, A.; Mathew, B.S.; and Boffetta, P.(2009). Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk in India: A multicenter case-control study. Int. J. Cancer. 125: 662–665.
- Lee, A.H. (2005). Why is carcinoma of the breast more frequent in the upper outer quadrant? A case series based on needle core biopsy diagnoses. Breast. J. 4(2): 151-152.
- Chang, T.; Hsu, H.; Chou, Y.; Yu, J.; Hsu, G.; Huang, G.; and Liao, G. (2015). The Values of Combined and Sub-Stratified Imaging Scores with Ultrasonography and Mammography in Breast Cancer Subtypes. PLOS ONE j., 10(12): 1-10.
- Alsanabani, J.A.; Gilan, W.; and Saadi, A.A.(2015). Incidence data for breast cancer among Yemeni female patients with palpable breast lumps. Asian. Pac. J. Cancer. Prev., 16:191-194.
- Westenend, P.J.; Sever, A.R.; Beekman, D.; Volder, H.J.; and Liem, S.J.(2001). A comparison of aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in the evaluation of breast lesions. Cancer. 93:146–50.
References
-Tabar, L.; Duffy, S.W.; Vitak, B.; Chen, H.H. and Prevost, T.C. ( 1999). The natural history of breast carcinoma: what have we learned from screening. J. cancer. 86:449–62
- Karim, S. A. M.; Ghalib, H.H.A.; Mohammed, S.A. and Fattah H. R. F. (2015). The incidence, age at diagnosis of breast cancer in the Iraqi Kurdish population and comparison to some other countries of Middle-East and West Intern. International Journal of Surgery. 13: 71-75.
American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2018. (https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions.html ).
Majid, R.A.; Hassan, H.A.; Muhealdeen, D.A.; Mohammed, H.; and Hughson, D.(2017). Breast cancer in Iraq is associated with a unimodally distributed predominance of luminal type B over luminal type A surrogates from young to old age . BMC Women's Health. 17(1)27
Alwan, N.A.S. (2016). Breast Cancer Among Iraqi Women: Preliminary Findings From a Regional Comparative Breast Cancer Research Project. J of Glob. Oncol. 2(5): 255-258.
American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2018. (https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions.html ).
Majid, R.A.; Hassan, H.A.; Muhealdeen, D.A.; Mohammed, H.; and Hughson, D.(2017). Breast cancer in Iraq is associated with a unimodally distributed predominance of luminal type B over luminal type A surrogates from young to old age . BMC Women's Health. 17(1)27
Chlebowski R.T.; Rohan T.E.; Manson J.E.; Aragaki A.K.; Kaunitz A.; and Stefanick M.L.(2015). Breast cancer after use of estrogen plus progestin and estrogen alone: analyses of data from 2 Women’s Health Initiative randomized clinical trials. JAMA. Oncol. 1:296–305.
John, T.; Schousboe, M.D.; Kerlikowske, K.; Loh, A.; and Steven, R. (2011). Personalizing Mammography by Breast Density and Other Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: Analysis of Health Benefits and Cost-Effectiveness. Ann Intern Med. 155(1):10-20.
KLEIN, S.M.D.;(2005). Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses . Am Fam Physician j., 71(9):1731-1738.
Berg, W.A.; Campassi, C.I; and Ioffe, O.B. (2003). Cystic lesions of the breast: sonographic-pathologic correlation. Radiology. 227:183–91.
Bailey, H.; and Love, M. (2008). short practice of surgery. 25th ed., B Hodder Education, an Hachette UK company, P: 838.
KLEIN, S.M.D.;(2005). Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses . Am Fam Physician j., 71(9):1731-1738.
Habib, O.S.; Hameed, L.A.; Ajeel, N.A.; Al-Hawaz, M.H.; Al-Faddagh, Z.A.; Nasr, G.N.; Al-Sodani, A.H.; Khalaf, A.A.; Hasson, H.M.; Abdul-Samad, A.A.; (2016). Epidemiology of Breast Cancer among Females in Basrah. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev., 17: 191-195
Alghamdi, I.G.; Hussaina, I.I.; Alghamdi, M.S.; and El-Sheemy, M. (2015). Early marriage is a potential risk factor for female breast cancer in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Research Communication . 3(7): -23.
Alsanabani, J.A.; Gilan, W.; and Saadi, A.A.(2015). Incidence data for breast cancer among Yemeni female patients with palpable breast lumps. Asian. Pac. J. Cancer. Prev., 16:191-194.
Al-Amri, F.A.; Saeedi, M.Y.; Al-Tahan , F.M. ; Ali, A.M.; Alomary ,Sh.A.; Arafa,M.; Ibrahim. A.K.; and Kassim, K.K.(2015). Breast cancer correlates in a cohort of breast screening program participants in Riyadh, KSA. Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute. 27: 77–82.
Al Nemer, A. (2017). The pathological profile of Saudi females with palpable breast lumps : knowledge that guide practice. S.J.H.S. 6(2): 92-95.
Willett, W.C.; Tamimi, R.M.; Hankinson, S.E.; Hazra, A.; Eliassen, A.H.; Colditz, G.A. (2014). Diseases of the Breast. Nongenetic factors in the causation of breast cancer. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; In: Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, Osborne CK. 211-267.
Nelson, H.D.; Zakher, B.; Cantor,A.; Fu, R.; Griffin, J.; O'Meara, E.S.;et al. (2012). Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 156(9):635-648
Guo1, J.; Huang, Y.; Yang, L.; Xie, Z.; Song, Sh.; Yin1, Y.; Kuang, L.; and Qin, W.(2015). Association between abortion and breast cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis based on prospective studies. Cancer Causes Control. 26(6): 811-819.
Russo, J.; and Russo, I.H. (1987) Biological and molecular bases of mammary carcinogenesis. Lab Invest., 57:112–137.
Beaber, E.F.; Buist, D.S.; Barlow, W.E.; Malone, K.E.; Reed, S.D.; and Li, Ch. (2014). Recent Oral Contraceptive Use by Formulation and Breast Cancer Risk among Women 20 to 49 Years of Age. CAN. Res., 74(15) 4078- 4089.
Eliassen, A.H.; Coldit, G.A.; Rosner, B.; and Hankinson, S.E. (2006). Tubal sterilization in relation to breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 118(8):2026-2030.
Majid, R.A.; Hazha A Mohammed, H.A.; Saeed, H.M.; Safar, B.M.; Rashid, R.M.; and Hughson, M.D (2009). Breast cancer in kurdish women of northern Iraq: incidence, clinical stage, and case control analysis of parity and family risk. BMC Women's Health. 9:33.
Vendhan Gajalakshmi1,V.; Mathew, A.; Brennan, P.; Balakrishnan Rajan, B.; Kanimozhi1,V.C.; Mathews, A.; Mathew, B.S.; and Boffetta, P.(2009). Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk in India: A multicenter case-control study. Int. J. Cancer. 125: 662–665.
Lee, A.H. (2005). Why is carcinoma of the breast more frequent in the upper outer quadrant? A case series based on needle core biopsy diagnoses. Breast. J. 4(2): 151-152.
Chang, T.; Hsu, H.; Chou, Y.; Yu, J.; Hsu, G.; Huang, G.; and Liao, G. (2015). The Values of Combined and Sub-Stratified Imaging Scores with Ultrasonography and Mammography in Breast Cancer Subtypes. PLOS ONE j., 10(12): 1-10.
Alsanabani, J.A.; Gilan, W.; and Saadi, A.A.(2015). Incidence data for breast cancer among Yemeni female patients with palpable breast lumps. Asian. Pac. J. Cancer. Prev., 16:191-194.
Westenend, P.J.; Sever, A.R.; Beekman, D.; Volder, H.J.; and Liem, S.J.(2001). A comparison of aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in the evaluation of breast lesions. Cancer. 93:146–50.
