Distribution of Some Intestinal Protozoa in Iraq
Abstract
Intestinal protozoan parasites Giardia lamblia and E.histolytical/dispar are quite common andthey seriously affect public health in the underdeveloped nations. With the use of the Ministry of
Health's surveillance database, which has been made available, the research's objectives were to
ascertain the prevalence regarding G. lamblia and E.histolytical/dispar quantifying its gender,
age, and region-related prevalence in a population drawn from 11 provinces in Iraq between
January 2021 and December 2021. The prevalence was noticeably greater than that of G. lamblia
and E.histolytical/dispar. The prevalence of both was observed to differ depending on the age
group (21–30), sex (greater in males), and regions (higher in Middle region). The present
investigation yielded reduced incidence rates when compared with comparable research carried
out in Iraq. This might potentially be attributed to factors such as seasonal diversity, sample
size, enhanced personal hygiene, and availability of public health services
References
- R.L. Guerrant, J.M. Hughes, N.L. Lima, J. Crane, Diarrhea in developed and developing
countries: magnitude, special settings, and etiologies, Rev. Infect. Dis. 12 (1990) S41eS50.
- O. Tinuade, O. John, O. Saheed, O. Oyeku, N. Fidelis, D. Olabisi, Parasitic etiology of
childhood diarrhea, Indian J. Pediatr. 73 (2006) 1081e1084.
- R.S. Bray, W.G. Harris, The epidemiology of infection with Entamoeba histolytica in the
Gambia, West Africa, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71 (1977) 401e407.
- R. Haque, Human intestinal parasites, J. Health Popul. Nutr. 25
(2007) 387e391.
- S.M. Fletcher, D. Stark, J. Harkness, J. Ellis, Enteric protozoa in the developed world: a
public health perspective, Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 25 (2012) 420e449.
- J.A. Walsh, Problems in recognition and diagnosis of amebiasis: estimation of the global
magnitude of morbidity and mortality, Rev. Infect. Dis. 8 (1986) 228e238.
- S.L. Stanley, Amoebiasis, Lancet 361 (2003) 1025e1034.
- J.C. Craft, Giardia and giardiasis in childhood, Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 1 (1982) 196e211.
- H.S. Al-Warid, Prevalence of Gairdia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytic/Entamoeba dispar
infections among children in ALShulaa and AL-khadimyaeBaghdad-Iraq, J. Univ. Anbar Pure
Sci. 5 (2011) 6e10.
- H.S. Al-Warid, Some factors influencing the prevalence of Gairdia lamblia and Entamoeba
histolytica in a sample of patients in north of Baghdad, J. Al-Nahrain Univ. 15 (2012) 121e126.
- H.S. Al-Warid, I.S. Musa, B.N. Al-Qadhi, Iron deficiency and anthropometry in children
infected with Entamoeba histolytica, Int. J. Recent Sci. Res. 4 (2013) 823e826.
G.H. Al-Khaysee, A.A. Sultan, The factors that affect the epidemiology of Entamoeba
histolytica and Giardia lamblia among population of Khalis and Baledrose, Diala J. 27 (2008)
e99.
- H.M. Obaid, The effect of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia infection on some
human hematological parameters, J. Nat. Sci. Res. 4 (2013) 44e48.
- M.S. Prado, A. Strina, M.L. Barreto, A.M. Oliveira-Assis, L.M. Paz, S. Cairncross, Risk
factors for infection with Giardia duodenalis in pre-school children in the city of Salvador, Braz.
Epidemiol. Infect. 131 (2003) 899e906.
- D.S. Berkman, A.G. Lescano, R.H. Gilman, S.L. Lopez, M.M. Black, Effects of stunting,
diarrheal disease, and parasitic infection during infancy on cognition in late childhood: a followup study, Lancet 359 (2002) 564e571.
- P.K. Garg, S. Perry, M. Dorn, L. Hardcastle, J. Parsonnet, Risk of intestinal helminth and
protozoan infection in a refugee population, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73 (2005) 386e391.
- F.L. Dunn, Behavioral aspects of the control of parasitic diseases, Bull. World Health Organ
(1979) 499e512.
- D. Bisht, A.K. Verma, H.H. Bharadwaj, Intestinal parasitic infestation among children in a
semi-urban Indian population, Trop. Parasitol. 1 (2011) 104e107.
- P. Rayan, S. Verghese, P.A. McDonnell, Geographical location and age affects the incidence
of parasitic infestations in school children, Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol. 53 (2010) 498e502.
- J. Siwila, I.G. Phiri, H.L. Enemark, M. Nchito, A. Olsen, Seasonal prevalence and incidence
of Cryptosporidium spp. And Giardia duodenalis and associated diarrhoea in children attending
pre-school in Kafue, Zambia, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 105 (2011) 102e108.
- M.E. Olson, J. Goh, M. Phillips, N. Guselle, T.A. McAllister, Giardia cyst and
Cryptosporidium oocyst survival in water, soil, and cattle feces, J. Environ. Qual. 28 (1999)
e1996.
- T. Wegayehu, T. Tsalla, B. Seifu, T. Teklu, Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections
among highland and lowland dwellers in Gamo area, South Ethiopia, BMC Public Health 13
(2013) 151.
- M. Vahedi, S. Gohardehi, M. Sharif, A. Daryani, Prevalence of parasites in patients with
gastroenteritis at East of Mazandaran province, Northern Iran, Trop. Biomed. 29 (2012)
e574.
- S.A. Wani, F. Ahmad, S.A. Zargar, A. Amin, Z.A. Dar, P.A. Dar, Intestinal helminthiasis in
children of Gurez valley of Jammu and Kashmir State, India, J. Glob. Infect. Dis. 2 (2010)
e94.
- R. Acuna-Soto, J.H. Maguire, D.F. Wirth, Gender distribution in asymptomatic and invasive
amebiasis, Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95 (2000) 1277e1283.
- Hameed F. A and Khalaf A. k.(2022). Serological detection for Entamoeba histolytica
among cancer patients suffering from diarrhea in Thi-Qar province/ Southern Iraq University of
Thi-Qar Journal of Science (UTJsci) ISSN Onlin:2709-0256, ISSN Print: 1991-8690 Volume
(9), No.2.
- Sabeeh F. A and Khalaf A . K.(2022). Biochemical study for Amoebic dysentery in patients
with Entamoeba histolytica in Thi-Qar province/southern Iraq,Proceeding of 8th International
Scientific Conference, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Basrah, Dec. 7-8
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 University of Thi-Qar Journal Of Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
